保护三江源是党中央确定的大政策,生态移民是落实这项政策的重要措施,一定要组织实施好。
Protection of Sanjiangyuan is a major policy made by the Communist Party of China(CPC) Central Committee, and ecological migration was essential for the this policy, it should be properly organized and implemented.
——习近平
Sanjiangyuan, an area of China's Northwestern Qinghai province, contains the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers, Feb 27, 2018. [Photo/VCG]
生态移民(ecomigration/ecological migration),也称为环境移民(environmental migration),指原来居住在自然保护区(natural reserve)、生态环境严重破坏地区(regions suffering from serious environmental degradation)、生态脆弱区(regions that are ecologically vulnerable)以及自然环境条件恶劣、基本不具备人类生存条件的地区(regions that are unfit for human habitation)的人口, 搬离原来的居住地,在另外的地方定居并重建家园(settle down elsewhere)的人口迁移。
按主导对象分类,生态移民可分为自发性生态移民(voluntary ecomigration)与政府主导生态移民(government-guided ecomigration)。
自发生态移民是指由于生态环境恶化造成生产、生活困难而不得不离开原居住地到外地谋生的一种迁移活动以及迁移人口(people are forced to leave their original habitat because of environmental degradation and poverty)。
政府主导生态移民是指政府有组织地把生态恶化地区或自然保护区的人口迁移出来, 以恢复和保护生态环境(restore and protect environment)为主要目的, 同时兼顾扶贫(poverty reduction)和提高经济收入(improve income)的迁移活动以及迁移出来的人口。
长江三峡工程库区生态移民以及三江源藏乡生态移民均为政府主导生态移民。
2017年,三江源藏乡生态移民组成的长江源村人均年纯收入(annual per capita income)达22828元,实现脱贫摘帽(lifted out of poverty),搬迁牧民生活得到充分保障。三江源生态保护和建设一期工程实施10年下来,三江源各类草地产草量(grass yield)提高30%,水资源量(water resource quantity)增加近80亿立方米,相当于560个西湖。
【相关词汇】
精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation
强制式扶贫 compulsory poverty relief
脱贫 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty
贫困线 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit
易地扶贫搬迁 relocating the poor
扶贫基金 poverty alleviation funds
开发式扶贫 development-orientated poverty reduction